Articles | Volume 384
https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-384-343-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-384-343-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Pre-conference publication
| 
16 Nov 2021
Pre-conference publication |
| 16 Nov 2021
| 16 Nov 2021
Multiyear rainfall variability in the Mono river basin and its impacts on Nangbeto hydropower scheme
LASMES – African Centre of Excellence on Climate Change, Biodiversity
and Sustainable Development, Université Félix Houphouët Boigny,
Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
Ernest Amoussou
Département de Géographie et
Aménagement de Territoire (DGAT/FLASH), Université de Parakou, Parakou, Bénin
Marc Youan Ta
Centre Universitaire de Recherche et d'Application en
Télédétection (CURAT), Université Félix Houphouët
Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
Lazare Kouakou Kouassi
UFR-Environnement, Université Jean Lorougnon GUEDE, 12 BP V 25
Daloa 12, Côte d'Ivoire
Arona Diedhiou
LASMES – African Centre of Excellence on Climate Change, Biodiversity
and Sustainable Development, Université Félix Houphouët Boigny,
Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IRD, CNRS, Grenoble INP, IGE, 38000 Grenoble,
France
Related authors
Koffi Claude Alain Kouadio, Siélé Silué, Ernest Amoussou, Kouakou Lazare Kouassi, Arona Diedhiou, Talnan Jean Honoré Coulibaly, Salomon Obahoundjé, Sacré Regis Didi, and Houebagnon Saint Jean Coulibaly
Proc. IAHS, 385, 39–45, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-385-39-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-385-39-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Hydropower (HP) is the 2nd source of energy in Côte d'Ivoire. However water resource for HP is threatened by climate change (CC). Therefore the hydro potential and production are impacted. This study investigates the impacts of future CC in the White Bandama watershed using hydrological modelling coupled with GIS analysis. It emerges that in the future an upward trend in flows will be recorded. This could contribute to the siltation of dams and an increase in the risk of flooding in the basin.
Yetchékpo Patrick Gbohoui, Roland Yonaba, Tazen Fowé, Bernadin Elégbédé Manou, Taofic Bacharou, Yvon-Carmen Hountondji, Ernest Amoussou, Luc O. Sintondji, Jean-Emmanuel Paturel, Harouna Karambiri, and Hamma Yacouba
Proc. IAHS, 385, 435–441, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-385-435-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-385-435-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Runoff simulation is complex in poorly gauged and data-scarce hydrosystems of the West African Sahel. The results of this study showed that multi-sites calibration without nested sub-catchments is the best modelling scheme for capturing the hydrological response of the Sahelian catchments. This approach could therefore be applied to obtain regionalized parameter values for the West African Sahel region from small catchments distributed across all climatic zones.
Rodric Mérimé Nonki, Ernest Amoussou, Raphael Muamba Tshimanga, Djan'na Koubodana Houteta, Domiho Japhet Kodja, Franck Eitel Kemgang Ghomsi, and André Lenouo
Proc. IAHS, 385, 319–326, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-385-319-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-385-319-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This research aims to evaluate the feasibility of using multiple rainfall-runoff hydrologic models Génie Rural à 4, 5, 6 paramètres Journalier (GR4J, GR5J, and GR6J) in the Upper Benue River (UBR) in Northern Cameroon. By using the Michel's calibration algorithm, we found that the composite criterion is the most sustainable objective function for model optimization. An honest evaluation empirically proves that the GR6J model performs better than the other two models follow by GR5J.
Domiho Japhet Kodja, Gandomè Mayeul Leger Davy Quenum, Houteta Djan'na Koubodana, Ernest Amoussou, Isaiah Sewanu Akoteyon, Arsène Sègla Josué Akognongbé, Mahougnon Fidèle Ahéhéhinnou Yêdo, Gil Mahé, Jean-Emmanuel Paturel, Expédit Wilfrid Vissin, and Constant Houndénou
Proc. IAHS, 385, 359–364, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-385-359-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-385-359-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The results showed that there is an variability in the spatial distribution of extreme indices with an upward and downward trend of dry and wet rainfall periods in West Africa in both historical and projected periods. Thus, the results revealed that the spatio- temporal variability of extreme rainfall can have repercussions on the hydrological functioning of watersheds, water availability and water-dependent activities.
Koffi Claude Alain Kouadio, Siélé Silué, Ernest Amoussou, Kouakou Lazare Kouassi, Arona Diedhiou, Talnan Jean Honoré Coulibaly, Salomon Obahoundjé, Sacré Regis Didi, and Houebagnon Saint Jean Coulibaly
Proc. IAHS, 385, 39–45, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-385-39-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-385-39-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Hydropower (HP) is the 2nd source of energy in Côte d'Ivoire. However water resource for HP is threatened by climate change (CC). Therefore the hydro potential and production are impacted. This study investigates the impacts of future CC in the White Bandama watershed using hydrological modelling coupled with GIS analysis. It emerges that in the future an upward trend in flows will be recorded. This could contribute to the siltation of dams and an increase in the risk of flooding in the basin.
Ernest Amoussou, Félix Toundé Amoussou, Aymar Yaovi Bossa, Domiho Japhet Kodja, Henri Sourou Totin Vodounon, Constant Houndénou, Valérie Borrell Estupina, Jean-Emmanuel Paturel, Gil Mahé, Christophe Cudennec, and Michel Boko
Proc. IAHS, 385, 141–146, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-385-141-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-385-141-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The objective is to assess the causes of exceptional floods in the Ouémé basin using the HEC-RAS model. The results of the calculation made it possible to characterize: the losses and damage due to human settlement on the banks and agricultural production in the flood zone, the flooded extent and the height of submersion depend on the return period, most of the Flood waters converge towards the west of the basin (low risk) and towards the east around the Damè-Wogon depression (high risk).
Ma-Lyse Nema, Bachir Saley Mahaman, Arona Diedhiou, and Assiel Mugabe
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2023-47, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2023-47, 2023
Revised manuscript under review for NHESS
Short summary
Short summary
My early experience inspired me to write this paper because I was always curious about the reasons behind the frequent landslides that occurred in the area where I was born. Now, my dream has come true because this study was centered on the same region, same people, and because I discovered the causes and preventative measures for landslides in my area. I hope that when establishing policies for disaster management in the study area, decision-makers will take these results into consideration.
Brahima Koné, Arona Diedhiou, Adama Diawara, Sandrine Anquetin, N'datchoh Evelyne Touré, Adama Bamba, and Arsene Toka Kobea
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 711–730, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-711-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-711-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The impact of initial soil moisture anomalies can persist for up to 3–4 months and is greater on temperature than on precipitation over West Africa. The strongest homogeneous impact on temperature is located over the Central Sahel, with a peak change of −1.5 and 0.5 °C in the wet and dry experiments, respectively. The strongest impact on precipitation in the wet and dry experiments is found over the West and Central Sahel, with a peak change of about 40 % and −8 %, respectively.
Brahima Koné, Arona Diedhiou, Adama Diawara, Sandrine Anquetin, N'datchoh Evelyne Touré, Adama Bamba, and Arsene Toka Kobea
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 731–754, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-731-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-731-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The impact of initial soil moisture is more significant on temperature extremes than on precipitation extremes. A stronger impact is found on maximum temperature than on minimum temperature. The impact on extreme precipitation indices is homogeneous, especially over the Central Sahel, and dry (wet) experiments tend to decrease (increase) the number of precipitation extreme events but not their intensity.
Jean Hounkpè, Djigbo F. Badou, Aymar Y. Bossa, Yacouba Yira, Julien Adounkpè, Eric A. Alamou, Emmanuel A. Lawin, Luc O. C. Sintondji, Abel A. Afouda, and Ernest Amoussou
Proc. IAHS, 384, 219–224, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-384-219-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-384-219-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Floods are natural disasters that widely affect people, goods, and ecosystems. Some efforts have been made in predicting floods at a short-term range. However, the usefulness of flood prediction increases as the time lead increases. This work investigated covariates useful for flood prediction several months ahead. Very good relationships were found between flood discharge and some climate indexes which could serve as a basis for seasonal flood forecasting in West Africa.
Yacouba Yira, Aymar Yaovi Bossa, Ernest Amoussou, Djigbo Félicien Badou, Jean Hounkpè, and Kpade Ozias Laurentin Hounkpatin
Proc. IAHS, 384, 275–281, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-384-275-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-384-275-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study addresses the importance of integrating the effect of land use on soil infiltration rate into land use change impact modeling. Based on field measurements; soil parameterization is computed in a hydrological model using a refined soil map integrating land use change impact of soil infiltration rate and a classic soil map not considering this interaction. The results show that integrating land use related effects on soil properties renders LULC change scenarios more plausible.
Gil Mahé, Gamal Abdo, Ernest Amoussou, Telesphore Brou, Stephan Dietrich, Ahmed El Tayeb, Henny van Lanen, Mohamed Meddi, Anil Mishra, Didier Orange, Thi Phuong Quynh Le, Raphael Tshimanga, Patrick Valimba, Santiago Yepez, Andrew Ogilvie, and Oula Amrouni
Proc. IAHS, 384, 5–18, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-384-5-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-384-5-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The FRIEND-Water program (FWP) is the oldest and the most transverse program within the UNESCO IHP. It allows large communities of hydrologists to collaborate across borders on common shared data and scientific topics, addressed through 8 large world regions. Research priorities evolve according to the projections given by the member States during the IHP councils. FWP further activities follow the IHP IX program with the support of the Montpellier UNESCO Category II Center ICIREWAD.
Valentin Brice Ebodé, Gil Mahé, and Ernest Amoussou
Proc. IAHS, 384, 247–253, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-384-247-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-384-247-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The objective of this article is to assess recent trends of hydroclimatic quantities in Ogooue basin in the context of climate change. For this, the rainfall and discharges data of this basin were analyzed using the Pettitt test. The results of this study reveal a statistically significant decrease in runoff that the Pettitt test situates in 1972–73, but nothing like that for rainfall at this same time scale.
Valentin Brice Ebodé, Gil Mahé, and Ernest Amoussou
Proc. IAHS, 384, 261–267, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-384-261-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-384-261-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
La sécheresse observée en Afrique tropicale vers la fin des années 1960, a également affecté le bassin de la Bénoué en Afrique centrale, avec une persistance remarquable qui s’est répercutée sur les écoulements. Les ruptures à la baisse ont été mises en évidence dans les séries hydropluviométriques de ce bassin au pas de temps annuel en 1970–71 (pluies) et 1971–72 (débits). Les déficits associés à cette rupture sont de −2,9 % pour les pluies et −14,2 % pour les débits.
Eliézer Iboukoun Biao, Ezéchiel Obada, Eric Adéchina Alamou, Josué Esdras Zandagba, Amédée Chabi, Ernest Amoussou, Julien Adounkpe, and Abel Afouda
Proc. IAHS, 384, 57–62, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-384-57-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-384-57-2021, 2021
Lamboni Batablinlè, Lawin E. Agnidé, Kodja Domiho Japhet, Amoussou Ernest, and Vissin Expédit
Proc. IAHS, 384, 283–288, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-384-283-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-384-283-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The impact of climate change on precipitation and water availability is of major concern for policy makers in the Mono Basin of West Africa, whose economy mainly depends on rainfed agriculture and hydropower generation. The objective of this study is to project rainfall, flows and evapotranspiration (ET) in the future period and understand their changes across Mono River Basin.
Ernest Amoussou, Gil Mahe, Oula Amrouni, Ansoumana Bodian, Christophe Cudennec, Stephan Dietrich, Domiho Japhet Kodja, and Expédit Wilfrid Vissin
Proc. IAHS, 384, 1–4, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-384-1-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-384-1-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This short paper is the preface of the PIAHS volume of the IAHS/UNESCO FRIEND-Water conference of Cotonou in November 2021.
Houteta Djan'na Koubodana, Kossi Atchonouglo, Julien G. Adounkpe, Ernest Amoussou, Domiho Japhet Kodja, Dambré Koungbanane, Koba Yaovi Afoudji, Yao Lombo, and Kossi E. Kpemoua
Proc. IAHS, 384, 63–68, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-384-63-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-384-63-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study aims to assess simulated surface runoff before and after dam construction in the Mono catchment (West Africa) using two lumped models: GR4J (Rural Engineering with 4 Daily Parameters) and IHACRES (Identification of unit Hydrographs and Component flows from Rainfall, Evapotranspiration and Stream data) over two different periods (1964–1986 and 1988–2010). Daily rainfall, mean temperature, evapotranspiration and discharge in situ data were collected for the period 1964–2010.
Affoué Berthe Yao, Sampah Georges Eblin, Loukou Alexis Brou, Kouakou Lazare Kouassi, Gla Blaise Ouede, Ibrahim Salifou, Arona Diedhiou, and Bi Crépin Péné
Proc. IAHS, 384, 203–211, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-384-203-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-384-203-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study aims to analyse the frequency, intensity and duration of extreme climate events in order to optimise sugarcane production in the Ferkessédougou sugar complexes. This study could enable the Ferkessédougou sugar complexes managers to develop strategies for adaptation to climate change.
N'diaye Edwige Hermann Meledje, Kouakou Lazare Kouassi, and Yao Alexis N'Go
Proc. IAHS, 384, 107–112, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-384-107-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-384-107-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In view of the complexity of the phenomenon of water related soil erosion in the Bia catchment area, linked to a large heterogeneity of soils, to a very scattered and in some places non-existent vegetation cover, and to a poorly distributed precipitation in both space and time, a mapping test of the “specific erosion” random variable is undertaken. The mapping of the intensity of the erosion hazard was carried out using the Universal Soil Loss Model (USLE).
Rodric M. Nonki, André Lenouo, Clément Tchawoua, Christopher J. Lennard, and Ernest Amoussou
Proc. IAHS, 384, 337–342, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-384-337-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-384-337-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study aims to assess the potential impacts of climate change on hydropower potential of the Lagdo dam. The results reveal that under global warming, the hydropower potential of the dam will decrease which is the result of the reduced precipitation and increase of PET, thus decrease in streamflow in the basin. This result will be take into account for future development planning in the basin.
Coffi Justin Noumon, Domiho Japhet Kodja, Ernest Amoussou, Luc O. Sintondji, Daouda Mama, and Euloge K. Agbossou
Proc. IAHS, 384, 99–105, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-384-99-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-384-99-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Le comblement et l’eutrophisation des retenues d’eau constituent des contraintes majeures pour les usages qu’en font les populations riveraines. L’étude bathymétrique a révélé une diminution moyenne de 0,116 m/an. Ce comblement s’explique par l’érosion, la dégradation du couvert végétal et le surpâturage. Les mesures directes de la qualité physique : le pH, la température et l’oxygène dissous ont permis d’évaluer le risque d’eutrophisation. Les eaux sont dans un état eutrophe.
Kouakou Séraphin Konan, Kouakou Benoit Kouamé, Félix Koffi Konan, Koffi Charles Boussou, and Kouassi Lazare Kouakou
Proc. IAHS, 384, 85–92, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-384-85-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-384-85-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Pour résoudre les problèmes d’approvisionnement en eau potable des centres urbains, le gouvernement ivoirien a décidé d’utiliser les ressources pérennes telles que le fleuve Sassandra. Ainsi, le sous bassin du fleuve Sassandra en amont du barrage de Buyo est pressenti pour alimenter les villes de la région du Haut Sassandra. A cet effet des mesures de prévention doivent être prises pour anticiper sur les difficultés que pourrait rencontrer le traitement de ces eaux pour les usages domestiques.
Yves Tramblay, Nathalie Rouché, Jean-Emmanuel Paturel, Gil Mahé, Jean-François Boyer, Ernest Amoussou, Ansoumana Bodian, Honoré Dacosta, Hamouda Dakhlaoui, Alain Dezetter, Denis Hughes, Lahoucine Hanich, Christophe Peugeot, Raphael Tshimanga, and Patrick Lachassagne
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1547–1560, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1547-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1547-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This dataset provides a set of hydrometric indices for about 1500 stations across Africa with daily discharge data. These indices represent mean flow characteristics and extremes (low flows and floods), allowing us to study the long-term evolution of hydrology in Africa and support the modeling efforts that aim at reducing the vulnerability of African countries to hydro-climatic variability.
Derrick K. Danso, Sandrine Anquetin, Arona Diedhiou, Kouakou Kouadio, and Arsène T. Kobea
Earth Syst. Dynam., 11, 1133–1152, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-11-1133-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-11-1133-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The atmospheric and surface conditions that exist during the occurrence of daytime low-level clouds (LLCs) and their influence on solar radiation were investigated in West Africa. During the monsoon season, these LLCs are linked to high moisture flux driven by strong southwesterly winds from the Gulf of Guinea and significant background moisture levels. Their occurrence leads to a strong reduction in the incoming solar radiation and has large impacts on the surface energy budget.
Kan Martin Kouassi, Koffi Blaise Yao, Kouakou Lazare Kouassi, Jean Biemi, and Nagnin Soro
Proc. IAHS, 383, 319–325, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-383-319-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-383-319-2020, 2020
Domiho Japhet Kodja, Arsène J. Sègla Akognongbé, Ernest Amoussou, Gil Mahé, E. Wilfrid Vissin, Jean-Emmanuel Paturel, and Constant Houndénou
Proc. IAHS, 383, 163–169, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-383-163-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-383-163-2020, 2020
Stella Todzo, Adeline Bichet, and Arona Diedhiou
Earth Syst. Dynam., 11, 319–328, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-11-319-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-11-319-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study uses climate projections over West Africa to investigate the future changes in different aspects of its hydrological cycle. Over the 21st century, temperatures are expected to increase at a faster rate (+0.5 °C per decade) than the global average (+0.3 °C per decade), leading to an intensification of the hydrological cycle on average of +11 % per °C over the Sahel (more intense precipitation and longer dry spells) and +3 % per °C over the Guinea Coast (more intense precipitation).
Brahima Koné, Arona Diedhiou, N'datchoh Evelyne Touré, Mouhamadou Bamba Sylla, Filippo Giorgi, Sandrine Anquetin, Adama Bamba, Adama Diawara, and Arsene Toka Kobea
Earth Syst. Dynam., 9, 1261–1278, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-1261-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-1261-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Simulations of regional climate are very sensitive to physical parameterization schemes, particularly over the tropics where convection plays a major role in monsoon dynamics. The latest version of RegCM4 was used to assess the performance and sensitivity of the simulated West African climate system to different convection schemes. The configuration of RegCM4 with CLM4.5 as a land surface model and the Emanuel convective scheme is recommended for the study of the West African climate.
Ernest Amoussou, Henri S. Totin Vodounon, Expédit W. Vissin, Gil Mahé, and Marc Lucien Oyédé
Proc. IAHS, 377, 91–96, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-377-91-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-377-91-2018, 2018
Cited articles
Ali, A. and Lebel, T.: The Sahelian standardized rainfall index revisited,
Int. J. Climatol., 29, 1705–1714, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1832, 2008.
Amoussou, E.: Analyse hydrométéorologique des crues dans le
bassin-versant du Mono en Afrique de l'Ouest avec un modèle conceptuel
pluie-débit, available at: http://www.fmsh.fr (last access: 24 September 2018), 2014.
Antoniadis, A., Lambert-Lacroix, S., and Poggi, J. M.: Random forests for
global sensitivity analysis: A selective review, Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf.,
206, 107312, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2020.107312, 2021.
Aulia, A., Jeong, D., Saaid, I. M., Kania, D., Shuker, M. T., and El-Khatib,
N. A.: A Random Forests-based sensitivity analysis framework for assisted
history matching, J. Pet. Sci. Eng., 181, 106237,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2019.106237, 2019.
Bichet, A. and Diedhiou, A.: Less frequent and more intense rainfall along
the coast of the Gulf of Guinea in West and Central Africa (1981–2014),
Clim. Res., 76, 191–201, https://doi.org/10.3354/cr01537,
2018.
Cole, M. A., Elliott, R. J. R., and Strobl, E.: Climate change,
hydro-dependency, and the african dam boom, World Dev., 60, 84–98,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.03.016, 2014.
Diawara, A., Yoroba, F., Kouadio, K. Y., Kouassi, K. B., Assamoi, E. M.,
Diedhiou, A., and Assamoi, P.: Climate variability in the Sudano-Guinean
transition area and its impact on vegetation: The case of the Lamto region
in Côte D'Ivoire, Adv. Meteorol., 2014, 11,
https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/831414, 2014.
FAO: L'irrigation en Afrique en chiffres – Enquête AQUASTAT 2005, Food & Agriculture Organisation, Rome,
2005.
Hamududu, B. and Killingtveit, A.: Assessing climate change impacts on
global hydropower, Energies, 5, 305–322, https://doi.org/10.3390/en5020305, 2012.
Hamududu, B. H. and Killingtveit, Å.: Hydropower production in future
climate scenarios; the case for the Zambezi River, Energies, 9, 1–18,
https://doi.org/10.3390/en9070502, 2016.
IHA: Hydropower Status Report 2018, International Hydropower Association, Benjing, 2019.
Kabo-bah, A., Diji, C., Nokoe, K., Mulugetta, Y., Obeng-Ofori, D., and
Akpoti, K.: Multiyear Rainfall and Temperature Trends in the Volta River
Basin and their Potential Impact on Hydropower Generation in Ghana, Climate,
4, 49, https://doi.org/10.3390/cli4040049, 2016.
Kendall, M. and Gibbons, J. D.: Rank correlation methods, 5th edn.,
edited by: Arnold, E., Oxford University Press, New York, NY, London, C1990, available at:
https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/3478976?q&sort=holdings+desc&_=1532491936434&versionId=21204985 (last access: 22 August 2018), 1938.
Kling, H., Stanzel, P., and Fuchs, M.: Regional Assessment of the Hydropower
Potential of Rivers in West Africa, Energ. Proced., 97, 286–293,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2016.10.002, 2016.
Kouame, Y. M., Obahoundje, S., Diedhiou, A., François, B., Amoussou, E.,
Anquetin, S., Didi, R. S., Kouassi, L. K., N'guessan Bi, V. H., Soro, E. G.,
and Yao, E. K.: Climate, Land Use and Land Cover Changes in the Bandama
Basin (Côte D'Ivoire, West Africa) and Incidences on Hydropower
Production of the Kossou Dam, Land, 8, 103, https://doi.org/10.3390/land8070103,
2019.
Le Barbé, L., Lebel, T., and Tabsoba, D.: Rainfall Variability in West
Africa during the Years 1950–90, J. Climate, 15, 187–202,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<0187:RVIWAD>2.0.CO;2,
2002.
New, M., Lister, D., Hulme, M., and Makin, I.: A high-resolution data set of
surface climate over global land areas, Clim. Res., 21, 1–25,
https://doi.org/10.3354/cr021001, 2002.
Nicholson, S. E.: The West African Sahel: A Review of Recent Studies on the
Rainfall Regime and Its Interannual Variability, ISRN Meteorol., 2013,
1–32, https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/453521, 2013.
Obahoundje, S., Ofosu, E., Akpoti, K., and Kabo-bah, A.: Land Use and Land
Cover Changes under Climate Uncertainty: Modelling the Impacts on Hydropower
Production in Western Africa, Hydrology, 4, 2,
https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology4010002, 2017.
Obahoundje, S., Diedhiou, A., Ofosu, E. A., Anquetin, S., François, B.,
Adounkpe, J., Amoussou, E., Kouame, Y. M., Kouassi, K. L., Nguessan Bi, V.
H., and Ta, M. Y.: Assessment of Spatio-Temporal Changes of Land Use and Land
Cover over South-Western African Basins and Their Relations with Variations
of Discharges, Hydrology, 5, 56, https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology5040056, 2018.
Obahoundje, S., Youan Ta, M., Diedhiou, A., Amoussou, E., and Kouadio, K.:
Sensitivity of Hydropower Generation to Changes in Climate and Land Use in
the Mono Basin (West Africa) using CORDEX Dataset and WEAP Model, Environ.
Process., 8, 1073–1097, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40710-021-00516-0, 2021.
Riede, J. O., Posada, R., Fink, A. H., and Kaspar, F.: What's on the 5th IPCC
Report for West Africa?, in: Adaptation to Climate Change and Variability in
Rural West Africa, edited by: Yaro, J. A. and Hesselberg, J., 7–23, Springer International Publishing,
Switzerland, 2016.
Rim, B.: Energies renouvelables en Afrique: Enjeux , défis et
opportunités, Policy Center for the New South, Maroc, 2019.
Thornthwaite, C. W.: On the deformation mechanisms in sap single crystals,
Geogr. Rev., 38, 55–94, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(71)90076-6, 1948.
WMO: Extreme Values Analysis in The Guide to Hydrological Practices, vol.
II, in: Management of Water Resources and Application of Hydrological
Practices, World Meteorological Organization, Switzerland, 2, 302 pp., 2009.
