Nepal lies within the top twenty rank of multi-hazard countries. It has great impacts on the livelihood with a loss of lives and properties. Rural and urban settlements area are vulnerable due the flood and landslides risk. The 4 “R” approach i.e.; Reclaim of land, Readjustment of land, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction should be adopted for the sustainable development. This types approach can be replicate in the other areas too. The Government of Nepal should address these types of policy.

This focused on my experience as an Engineer in the Mahaweli River basin. Simultaneously, Floods & droughts are the major problems in this basin, I tried to use the upper reservoirs to control these disasters by finding the reasons and ways to manage these difficulties by using gathered knowledge at ICHARM. This helps me to understand the conflict among stakeholders, and find the reasons and solutions for efficient water management in the system, by developing a physical model based on policies.

In order to create a comprehensive map of landslide hazards for each specific location, it is essential to develop and integrate the spatial and temporal probabilities of landslides. This paper proposes a joint-probability framework that uses copula functions to generate a landslide hazard map for Wayanad District of Kerala, India, using multi-site rainfall data taking into account intensity and duration of rainfall.

Visibility assessment is crucial for informed decision-making and disaster preparedness in mountainous regions due to snow-induced disasters. This paper presents an innovative approach using augmented reality (AR) to address this challenge. The Him-Drishti application harnesses the established correlation between snowfall intensity and visibility to create a predictive visibility simulation model. This study demonstrates the capacity of AR in disaster management and risk reduction.

On a hydropower field visit to Mustang, Nepal, I was surprised by the locals' comments about water scarcity, lack of snowfall and rising temperatures. This news hit me hard as a civil engineer focused on eco-friendly infrastructure. Even if structures are green, climate change severely affects them. Nepal ranked fourth in climate vulnerability and needs climate-resilient infrastructure. This paper highlights the destruction of Nepal's hydropower by climate change.

Tree rings are important natural archives that provide information about tree age and also reveal past climate and hydrological events. The Nepal tree-ring width chronology network, including multiple tree species, revealed huge potential to reconstruct multi-centennial long hydro-climates in the central Himalayas. Streamflow reconstruction of Sinja Khola, Diware, over the past 300 years revealed interannual- to multi-decadal-scale flow variability, along with some long declining trends. 

In the event of a disaster, the activities of the construction industry play a crucial role. Construction consultants, surveying companies, and geological survey companies play an important role. Construction consultants oversee the entire process of disaster recovery, from assessing the damage immediately after the disaster to managing the restoration work. This report is an introduction to the activities of construction consultants in times of disaster, using the heavy rains situations.

Urban waterlogging disasters caused by rainstorm happened more frequently. The investigation and analysis of the historical waterlogging events of Guangzhou in the past 10 years showed that, the urban waterlogging has happened more frequently in lowland, hardening underlying surface and drainage system jacked by high water level. Guangzhou has innovatively delimited high-risk regions by watershed units, using Remote Sensing (RS) data and GIS data, which become the basis of flood risk management.

The paper proposes riparian tourism as a holistic and sustainable form of tourism that encompasses both consumptive and non-consumptive forms. It delves into creating a conceptual framework for riparian tourism, including cryo-tourism. This model centres around community ownership and stewardship, furthering robust institutional set-ups and active public-policy discourse. 

This study evaluates the effect of reduction in socio-economic indicators on the flood risk of a community residing in flood prone area. A flood modelling framework to generate flood inundation maps, which are then combined with vulnerability derived for different socio-economic scenarios to quantify corresponding flood risk. The framework considers the unique challenges of flood management in densely populated urban regions and may significantly reduce the risk associated with flooding.

Glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) modeling of Tsho Rolpa showed that, even if the lake breaches by 20 m in 40 years (from 2021), there will be a sufficient lead time of more than 7 h for early warning and human evacuations in the downstream areas. However, precautionary measures such as community-based GLOF early-warning systems and mechanisms allowing close observation in the case of GLOF events should be established in GLOF-prone regions.

Over 400 civil-engineering structures, e.g. sluices, culverts, pumping stations are listed within the Dutch Flood Protection Programme. In the next 3 decades, these structures must be strengthened to meet the Dutch statutory standards. Within an innovation project the regional water authorities, Rijkswaterstaat, research institutes and consultancy agencies joint forces to overcome barriers and obstacles. To stimulate action and collaborative learning, we adopted a learning-while-doing strategy.

Line-shaped rainbands (LRBs) have recently been identified as a significant factor in flood events in Japan. In our research, we analysed of LRBs in Japan using long-term radar rain gauge data. We aimed to elucidate the relationship between rainfall intensity, its geometrical form, duration, and cumulative quantity.

In the face of more frequent flooding events, countries have adopted a series of strategies and measures accordingly, specifically both in structual and non-structual way. In a word, flood management should follow the law of nature, applying the nature-based solutions, integrating green, blue and gray spaces within basins. Each river has its own “genes”, and there are no standardized flood management solutions, so optimization measures should be proposed as far as possible.

We have estimated hydropower potential in the two glacierized river basins of the Nepalese Himalayas. The Glacio-hydrological Degree-Day Model (GDM) was used with different geospatial criteria. In order to force the model simulation and to assess potential future hydrological regimes, a variety of climate variables were combined and used. The sensitivity of climate variables and their impact on hydropower potential were investigated with a combination of different climate variables.

We show, for the first time, a comprehensive review of permafrost hazard research in High Mountain Asia (HMA) using literature published in Chinese, accessible through the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database.  The proposed review aims to focus only on High Mountain Asia, mainly territories in China. This review article will help to communicate permafrost hazards in the Chinese scientific literature to the English-speaking scientific community.

A study was conducted considering extreme floods in Nepal from 1980 to 2015 and showed that most major floods occur during the monsoon season, especially in July and August, with August being the month with the highest number of extreme floods. The research emphasizes that the majority of the largest floods occur from mid-June to early September. This information aids Nepalese authorities in planning dynamic resource allocation, disaster response, and effective flood management.

Climate change is rapidly altering Himalayan glaciers, affecting water resources. This study investigates the impact of changing air temperature, precipitation, and glacier configuration on streamflow in the Langtang River basin using a process-based glacio-hydrological model and bias-corrected reanalysis data. Results show increased runoff with current glacier conditions but decreased total streamflow under future deglaciation scenarios, emphasizing the need for adaptation strategies.

The Himalayan river basins have complex terrain and lack detailed hydrological and meteorological information. This has motivated us to develop a fast and distributed model named PyGDM to simulate the hydrology of this region, which is home to both glaciers and snow. PyGDM is good at simulating glacier and snow melt. Hence, the model is suitable for studying different aspects of the Himalayan region, such as the impact of climate change and hydropower scenarios.

This study explores the potential of integrating data science models to enhance the predictive capacity of a theory-guided glacier hydrological model for improved river discharge simulations in the Himalayan basins. By combining data science and physical process models, the study addresses the limitations inherent in each approach.

Flash flood is one of the main flood disasters. Great efforts have been made in recent years in China to mitigate disasters caused by flash floods. However, heavy life and property loss have been made now and then by flash floods and many lessons and experiences need to be summarized, refined and improved from these cases. This study introduced a case of typical flash flood disaster in China, with objective of reviewing lessons and experiences, to avoid losses caused by similar disasters.

This study deals with the application of freely available datasets coupled with open source GIS software in hydrological modelling, greatly improving cost and time effectiveness of the estimation of design discharges in ungauged catchments. Using the developed system, methodologies currently in use in hydrological practice in Serbia were evaluated and the results yielded very good resemblance compared to frequency analysis. Examples of real-world application for over 2500 catchments are shown.

Lag effect exists in road closure prediction as the rainfall intensities on the present day and 3-day prior contribute the most. Flooding is sensitive to local characteristics and conditions and therefore such factors should be incorporated in the model.

During the last decades, a general increase in heavy rainfall events has caused changes in soil erosion rates and strongly affected the human activities in mountain areas. In this context, plot experiments carried out in southern Italy that involve the use of ¹³⁷Cs and ²¹⁰Pb_ex measurements indicated an increase in soil erosion rates during the last 15–20 years and suggest the use of this technique to detect climate change in mountain areas.