This study presents a three-dimensional hydrodynamic study of Laguna Lake to understand the physical processes that govern and influence lake hydraulics for various water uses. Modelling analysis on the lake’s flood detention function revealed different shore-land flood inundation areas and recession durations for varying lake-flood detention levels that warrants the need for a more comprehensive and sustainable flood management operation in the metropolis.

Due to complex root system structures, representing the impacts of Rhizophora mangroves on flow in hydrodynamic models has been challenging. This study presents a new drag and turbulence model that leverages an empirical model for root systems. The model can be applied without rigorous measurements of root structures and showed high performance in flow simulations; this may provide a better understanding of hydrodynamics and related transport processes in Rhizophora mangrove forests.