This study introduces a new way to analyze droughts over time and space, making it easier to track and understand their progression. By focusing on the severity, affected areas, and the movement of droughts, the research identifies regions in Northeast Brazil that require special attention. The findings help decision-makers better manage drought impacts, improving planning and response strategies to reduce risks. This work was driven by the need to enhance drought management tools.

The study was performed in a micro-basin of the semiarid region of the state of Ceará, Experimental and Representative basin of Funceme. The objective was to present the effects of dam construction on the groundwater recharge of the alluvial aquifer through the groundwater level (especially in the period from 2012 to 2016). The construction of dams was one of the main public policies to face drought in the state.