Possible changes in various characteristics of annual river runoff (mean values, standard deviations, frequency of extreme annual runoff) up to 2100 were studied using the land surface model SWAP and meteorological projections simulated by five GCMs according to four RCP scenarios. Obtained results has shown that changes in climatic runoff are different (both in magnitude and sign) for the river basins located in different regions of the planet due to differences in natural (primarily climatic).

It is shown that in agriculture technologies soil mulching with plant remains leads to increase in the ratio of actual transpiration to potential one and to increase in the yield of crops. Soil mulching with plant remains in combination with subsurface cultivation is the most efficient agricultural mode for the regions of the steppe and forest-steppe zones of the East-European (Russian) plain. This technology is most promising for development of agriculture in these regions.