The potential of the integrated use of A-DInSAR data and 3D groundwater flow and geomechanical models to capture and assess aquifer dynamics is performed. The approach has been applied to investigate the response during and after pumping of a portion of the Madrid aquifer. The short time delay (about one month) between the groundwater pumping and the system response (land displacements) are likely due to a minor role played by the clayey layers.

Human-induced changes in semi-arid regions could be responsible for modifications in ephemeral streams. Our results confirm that in-channel gravel mining and aquifer overexploitation over the last 50 years in the study area have changed the natural stability of the Nogalte stream and its geomorphic parameters. A comparison between flood events of the past and a recent one recorded in 2012 reveals changes and a new flooding pattern with a transition from an alluvial to a confined fluvial pattern.