This art presents ten years of urban subsidence derived from continuous GPS stations operated by the Crustal Movement Observational Network of China within and adjacent to the municipality of Tianjin. The subsidence time series presented in this study provide reliable “ground truth” and constraints for calibrating or validating subsidence estimations from numerical modeling and repeated surveys using other remote sensing techniques.

The Houston, Texas, USA area has experienced over 3 m of subsidence due to the development of groundwater since 1906. In 1975, Texas created the Harris-Galveston Subsidence District to regulate groundwater use to prevent subsidence. Since that time areas have been converted to alternative source waters, and subsidence rates have been reduced. Conversion continues, with the largest water infrastructure project in the USA ongoing to reduce groundwater use and prevent additional subsidence.

The use of groundwater has been curtailed in the Houston, Texas, USA due to the over 3 meters of subsidence induced by its development. The development of brackish groundwater for municipal supply as emerged as a potential strategy to provide subsidence neutral water supplies for parts of Texas, USA. This study was completed to inform local regulatory agencies and water providers on the potential subsidence risk from the development of brackish groundwater within the Gulf Coast Aquifer.

As the Houston, Texas, USA area changes their source waters from groundwater to alternative supplies to reduce subsidence, alternative water management strategies have been investigated to increase water supply while minimizing subsidence. A hypothetical Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) project was tested for potential subsidence risk. Results show that short-term cycling to address season peaking may provide the most benefit to prevent subsidence.

The study establishes the first local reference frame for the Gulf of Mexico region using the observations from 13 GNSS sites. The root mean square (RMS) of the velocities of the 13 reference stations achieves 0.2 mm yr⁻¹ in the horizontal and 0.3 mm yr⁻¹ in the vertical directions. Land subsidence, faulting, and salt dome activities in the Houston region, Mexico City, and the southeastern Louisiana region are discussed and compared.