The current study presents a novel method to demarcate the cross-section of a river channel using a very flexible regression model, called K-nearest neighbor local linear regression (KLR). The proposed method draws the cross-section automatically based on the point cloud data taken from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The proposed model can provide a further development of 4th industy innovation by employding the UAV-based photogrammetry.

The current study proposed random block based nonparametric disaggregation model so that the weakness point of the existing nonparametric disaggregation models can be resolved with preserving the long-term persistence. The proposed model illustrates superior performance for disaggregating the net basin supply of the LCRR basin in the Great Lakes, which experienced the worst flood in 2011.

A nonparametric-based estimation technique, called the K-nearest neighbor local linear regression (KLR) model, was proposed in the current study to demarcate the cross-section of a river with a point cloud dataset from UAV photogrammetry. The results indicate that the proposed KLR model can be a suitable alternative by reproducing the critical characteristics of natural and manmade channels, including abrupt changes and small bumps, as well as the overall trapezoidal shape.

The current study illustrates rainfall patterns over the Indochina Peninsula (ICP) to sea surface temperature in the Indian Ocean. During El Niño years and a positive IOD, rainfall is less than usual in Thailand, Cambodia, southern Laos, and Vietnam. Conversely, during La Niña years and the negative IOD, rainfall throughout the ICP is above normal. It shows that (1) the sensitivity of regional precipitation to the IOD and (2) the potential future impact of statistical changes.

A simple novel technique for simulating multisite occurrence of precipitation is proposed. The proposed technique employs the nonparametric approaches k-nearest neighbor and genetic algorithms. We tested this technique in various ways and proved that this simple technique can be useful and comparable to the existing one.