Sinking coastal cities

Erkens, G.; Bucx, T.; Dam, R.; de Lange, G.; Lambert, J.

doi:10.5194/piahs-372-189-2015

Articles | Volume 372

https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-372-189-2015

© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-372-189-2015

© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 372

12 Nov 2015

| 12 Nov 2015

Sinking coastal cities

G. Erkens, T. Bucx, R. Dam, G. de Lange, and J. Lambert

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Total article views: 9,583 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)

HTML	PDF	XML	Total	BibTeX	EndNote
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HTML: 5,959
PDF: 3,362
XML: 262
Total: 9,583
BibTeX: 277
EndNote: 330

Views and downloads (calculated since 12 Nov 2015)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Nov 2015	7	17	1	25
Dec 2015	4	21	0	25
Jan 2016	11	8	0	19
Feb 2016	5	2	1	8
Mar 2016	18	4	0	22
Apr 2016	6	6	0	12
May 2016	6	7	0	13
Jun 2016	1	0	1
Jul 2016	4	2	1	7
Aug 2016	4	3	0	7
Sep 2016	3	0	3
Oct 2016	4	3	1	8
Nov 2016	3	3	0	6
Dec 2016	4	2	0	6
Jan 2017	4	4	0	8
Feb 2017	3	5	0	8
Mar 2017	10	5	0	15
Apr 2017	9	9	0	18
May 2017	9	11	0	20
Jun 2017	5	6	0	11
Jul 2017	3	4	0	7
Aug 2017	5	10	0	15
Sep 2017	4	8	0	12
Oct 2017	7	8	0	15
Nov 2017	14	26	1	41
Dec 2017	7	20	0	27
Jan 2018	5	10	3	18
Feb 2018	23	6	3	32
Mar 2018	13	11	0	24
Apr 2018	9	23	0	32
May 2018	14	8	1	23
Jun 2018	11	11	1	23
Jul 2018	8	15	0	23
Aug 2018	14	26	1	41
Sep 2018	10	41	0	51
Oct 2018	16	59	1	76
Nov 2018	15	48	0	63
Dec 2018	5	30	0	35
Jan 2019	15	22	1	38
Feb 2019	15	20	0	35
Mar 2019	15	23	0	38
Apr 2019	11	32	0	43
May 2019	10	29	1	40
Jun 2019	12	18	1	31
Jul 2019	9	19	1	29
Aug 2019	17	26	0	43
Sep 2019	22	42	1	65
Oct 2019	33	37	0	70
Nov 2019	26	30	0	56
Dec 2019	22	21	0	43
Jan 2020	20	19	0	39
Feb 2020	18	11	1	30
Mar 2020	14	23	1	38
Apr 2020	24	13	0	37
May 2020	25	14	1	40
Jun 2020	60	26	0	86
Jul 2020	71	41	41	153
Aug 2020	25	9	4	38
Sep 2020	14	14	0	28
Oct 2020	40	17	1	58
Nov 2020	30	12	0	42
Dec 2020	34	14	0	48
Jan 2021	34	22	0	56
Feb 2021	42	19	0	61
Mar 2021	58	49	2	109
Apr 2021	55	44	1	100
May 2021	44	28	0	72
Jun 2021	48	33	0	81
Jul 2021	37	24	2	63
Aug 2021	35	25	1	61
Sep 2021	33	27	0	60
Oct 2021	58	70	1	129
Nov 2021	60	58	1	119
Dec 2021	32	28	0	60
Jan 2022	68	41	0	109
Feb 2022	85	38	6	129
Mar 2022	86	58	10	154
Apr 2022	107	55	6	168
May 2022	74	39	4	117
Jun 2022	76	29	2	107
Jul 2022	27	16	0	43
Aug 2022	45	25	0	70
Sep 2022	34	39	5	78
Oct 2022	61	58	2	121
Nov 2022	61	35	5	101
Dec 2022	63	60	1	124
Jan 2023	46	34	5	85
Feb 2023	73	40	2	115
Mar 2023	74	56	4	134
Apr 2023	61	62	9	132
May 2023	87	63	6	156
Jun 2023	60	29	2	91
Jul 2023	52	21	5	78
Aug 2023	58	42	6	106
Sep 2023	57	53	5	115
Oct 2023	101	50	6	157
Nov 2023	38	25	4	67
Dec 2023	57	27	4	88
Jan 2024	67	29	3	99
Feb 2024	85	31	0	116
Mar 2024	104	42	4	150
Apr 2024	314	72	9	395
May 2024	95	42	3	140
Jun 2024	114	22	4	140
Jul 2024	71	21	0	92
Aug 2024	76	15	4	95
Sep 2024	68	17	2	87
Oct 2024	75	36	0	111
Nov 2024	105	28	1	134
Dec 2024	82	44	1	127
Jan 2025	73	28	4	105
Feb 2025	114	28	12	154
Mar 2025	76	22	1	99
Apr 2025	95	29	0	124
May 2025	164	24	4	192
Jun 2025	99	26	1	126
Jul 2025	128	41	0	169
Aug 2025	122	28	4	154
Sep 2025	154	22	4	180
Oct 2025	111	35	2	148
Nov 2025	111	61	3	175
Dec 2025	105	43	1	149
Jan 2026	142	34	10	186
Feb 2026	144	71	6	221
Mar 2026	93	35	3	131

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 12 Nov 2015)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Nov 2015	7	17	1	25
Dec 2015	4	21	0	25
Jan 2016	11	8	0	19
Feb 2016	5	2	1	8
Mar 2016	18	4	0	22
Apr 2016	6	6	0	12
May 2016	6	7	0	13
Jun 2016	1	0	1
Jul 2016	4	2	1	7
Aug 2016	4	3	0	7
Sep 2016	3	0	3
Oct 2016	4	3	1	8
Nov 2016	3	3	0	6
Dec 2016	4	2	0	6
Jan 2017	4	4	0	8
Feb 2017	3	5	0	8
Mar 2017	10	5	0	15
Apr 2017	9	9	0	18
May 2017	9	11	0	20
Jun 2017	5	6	0	11
Jul 2017	3	4	0	7
Aug 2017	5	10	0	15
Sep 2017	4	8	0	12
Oct 2017	7	8	0	15
Nov 2017	14	26	1	41
Dec 2017	7	20	0	27
Jan 2018	5	10	3	18
Feb 2018	23	6	3	32
Mar 2018	13	11	0	24
Apr 2018	9	23	0	32
May 2018	14	8	1	23
Jun 2018	11	11	1	23
Jul 2018	8	15	0	23
Aug 2018	14	26	1	41
Sep 2018	10	41	0	51
Oct 2018	16	59	1	76
Nov 2018	15	48	0	63
Dec 2018	5	30	0	35
Jan 2019	15	22	1	38
Feb 2019	15	20	0	35
Mar 2019	15	23	0	38
Apr 2019	11	32	0	43
May 2019	10	29	1	40
Jun 2019	12	18	1	31
Jul 2019	9	19	1	29
Aug 2019	17	26	0	43
Sep 2019	22	42	1	65
Oct 2019	33	37	0	70
Nov 2019	26	30	0	56
Dec 2019	22	21	0	43
Jan 2020	20	19	0	39
Feb 2020	18	11	1	30
Mar 2020	14	23	1	38
Apr 2020	24	13	0	37
May 2020	25	14	1	40
Jun 2020	60	26	0	86
Jul 2020	71	41	41	153
Aug 2020	25	9	4	38
Sep 2020	14	14	0	28
Oct 2020	40	17	1	58
Nov 2020	30	12	0	42
Dec 2020	34	14	0	48
Jan 2021	34	22	0	56
Feb 2021	42	19	0	61
Mar 2021	58	49	2	109
Apr 2021	55	44	1	100
May 2021	44	28	0	72
Jun 2021	48	33	0	81
Jul 2021	37	24	2	63
Aug 2021	35	25	1	61
Sep 2021	33	27	0	60
Oct 2021	58	70	1	129
Nov 2021	60	58	1	119
Dec 2021	32	28	0	60
Jan 2022	68	41	0	109
Feb 2022	85	38	6	129
Mar 2022	86	58	10	154
Apr 2022	107	55	6	168
May 2022	74	39	4	117
Jun 2022	76	29	2	107
Jul 2022	27	16	0	43
Aug 2022	45	25	0	70
Sep 2022	34	39	5	78
Oct 2022	61	58	2	121
Nov 2022	61	35	5	101
Dec 2022	63	60	1	124
Jan 2023	46	34	5	85
Feb 2023	73	40	2	115
Mar 2023	74	56	4	134
Apr 2023	61	62	9	132
May 2023	87	63	6	156
Jun 2023	60	29	2	91
Jul 2023	52	21	5	78
Aug 2023	58	42	6	106
Sep 2023	57	53	5	115
Oct 2023	101	50	6	157
Nov 2023	38	25	4	67
Dec 2023	57	27	4	88
Jan 2024	67	29	3	99
Feb 2024	85	31	0	116
Mar 2024	104	42	4	150
Apr 2024	314	72	9	395
May 2024	95	42	3	140
Jun 2024	114	22	4	140
Jul 2024	71	21	0	92
Aug 2024	76	15	4	95
Sep 2024	68	17	2	87
Oct 2024	75	36	0	111
Nov 2024	105	28	1	134
Dec 2024	82	44	1	127
Jan 2025	73	28	4	105
Feb 2025	114	28	12	154
Mar 2025	76	22	1	99
Apr 2025	95	29	0	124
May 2025	164	24	4	192
Jun 2025	99	26	1	126
Jul 2025	128	41	0	169
Aug 2025	122	28	4	154
Sep 2025	154	22	4	180
Oct 2025	111	35	2	148
Nov 2025	111	61	3	175
Dec 2025	105	43	1	149
Jan 2026	142	34	10	186
Feb 2026	144	71	6	221
Mar 2026	93	35	3	131

Latest update: 20 Mar 2026

Short summary

In many coastal and delta cities land subsidence now exceeds absolute sea level rise up to a factor of ten. The total worldwide damage of resulting increased floodrisk and structural damage to structures is estimated at billions of dollars annually. In this study a quick-assessment of subsidence is performed on mega-cities. Results of these case studies are presented and compared, and a (generic) approach how to deal with subsidence in current and future subsidence-prone areas is provided.