Knowing the spatiotemporal seismicity patterns prior to impending large earthquakes might help earthquake hazard assessment. Several recent moderate earthquakes occurred in the various regions of Taiwan, which help to further investigate the spatiotemporal seismic pattern related to the regional tectonic stress. We should pay attention when a seismicity decrease of 2.5 < M < 4.5 events around the southern Central Range or an accelerating seismicity of 3 < M < 5 events appears in central Taiwan.

Knowing the spatiotemporial seismicity patterns prior to impending large earthquakes might help to the earthquake hazard assessment. Several recent moderate earthquakes occurred in the various regions of Taiwan, which help to further investigate the spatiotemporal seismic pattern related to the regional tectonic stress. We should pay attention when seismicity decrease of 2.5 < M < 4.5 events around southern Central Range, or the accelerating seismicity of 3 < M < 5 events appears in central Taiwan.

Scientists demystify stress changes before mainshocks and utilize the foreshocks as an indicator. We investigate changes in seismicity far from mainshocks by using tens of thousands of M ≥ 2 quakes for 10 years in Taiwan and Japan. The results show that wide areas exhibit increased seismicity occurring more than several times in areas of the fault rupture. The stressed crust triggers resonance at frequencies varying from ~ 5 × 10–4 to ~ 10–3 Hz that is supported by the resonant frequency model.

Life on Earth is directly or indirectly linked to primary production (PP), the quantification of which poses a challenge. In our study we use the oxygen isotopes and oxygen–argon ratios technique to estimate PP in situ. To date this method has been used to assess PP in the ocean and we expand on its application to freshwater systems. Providing that the physical structure of the water column is constrained, this method presents a powerful tracer for atmospheric vs. photosynthetic oxygen input.