Articles | Volume 371
https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-371-195-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-371-195-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Revisiting historical climatic signals to better explore the future: prospects of water cycle changes in Central Sahel
C. Leauthaud
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
CNRS, HydroSciences Montpellier, Montpellier, France
J. Demarty
IRD, HydroSciences Montpellier, Montpellier, France
B. Cappelaere
IRD, HydroSciences Montpellier, Montpellier, France
M. Grippa
CNAP, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse, Toulouse, France
L. Kergoat
CNRS, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse, Toulouse, France
C. Velluet
Université de Montpellier, HydroSciences Montpellier, Montpellier, France
now at: IRD, Cotonou, Benin
F. Guichard
CNRS, Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques, Toulouse, France
E. Mougin
CNRS, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse, Toulouse, France
S. Chelbi
CNRS, HydroSciences Montpellier, Montpellier, France
B. Sultan
IRD, LOCEAN, Paris, France
Related authors
No articles found.
Mathilde de Fleury, Laurent Kergoat, and Manuela Grippa
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 2189–2204, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2189-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2189-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study surveys small lakes and reservoirs, which are vital resources in the Sahel, through a multi-sensor satellite approach. Water height changes compared to evaporation losses in dry seasons highlight anthropogenic withdrawals and water supplies due to river and groundwater connections. Some reservoirs display weak withdrawals, suggesting low usage may be due to security issues. The
satellite-derived water balance thus proved effective in estimating water resources in semi-arid areas.
Jaber Rahimi, Expedit Evariste Ago, Augustine Ayantunde, Sina Berger, Jan Bogaert, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, Bernard Cappelaere, Jean-Martial Cohard, Jérôme Demarty, Abdoul Aziz Diouf, Ulrike Falk, Edwin Haas, Pierre Hiernaux, David Kraus, Olivier Roupsard, Clemens Scheer, Amit Kumar Srivastava, Torbern Tagesson, and Rüdiger Grote
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 3789–3812, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3789-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3789-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
West African Sahelian and Sudanian ecosystems are important regions for global carbon exchange, and they provide valuable food and fodder resources. Therefore, we simulated net ecosystem exchange and aboveground biomass of typical ecosystems in this region with an improved process-based biogeochemical model, LandscapeDNDC. Carbon stocks and exchange rates were particularly correlated with the abundance of trees. Grass and crop yields increased under humid climatic conditions.
Wim Verbruggen, Guy Schurgers, Stéphanie Horion, Jonas Ardö, Paulo N. Bernardino, Bernard Cappelaere, Jérôme Demarty, Rasmus Fensholt, Laurent Kergoat, Thomas Sibret, Torbern Tagesson, and Hans Verbeeck
Biogeosciences, 18, 77–93, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-77-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-77-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A large part of Earth's land surface is covered by dryland ecosystems, which are subject to climate extremes that are projected to increase under future climate scenarios. By using a mathematical vegetation model, we studied the impact of single years of extreme rainfall on the vegetation in the Sahel. We found a contrasting response of grasses and trees to these extremes, strongly dependent on the way precipitation is spread over the rainy season, as well as a long-term impact on CO2 uptake.
Samuel Nahmani, Olivier Bock, and Françoise Guichard
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 9541–9561, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-9541-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-9541-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
A mesoscale convective system (MCS) is a cloud system that occurs in connection with an ensemble of thunderstorms and produces a contiguous precipitation area of the order of 100 km or more. Numerous questions related to MCSs remain poorly answered (e.g., their life cycle, and interactions between physical processes and atmospheric circulations). This work shows how a GPS technique can provide relevant and complementary information on MCSs passing over or in the vicinity of observation stations.
Laetitia Gal, Manuela Grippa, Pierre Hiernaux, Léa Pons, and Laurent Kergoat
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 4591–4613, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4591-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4591-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The intense, prolonged Sahel drought has caused a widespread increase in surface runoff and surface waters like lakes or rivers, against all expectations. Using long-term observations and the Kineros2 hydrological model, we show that the runoff coefficient of the Agoufou watershed increased from ~ 0 to 5.5 % in 1950–2011. We attribute this phenomenon to a change in vegetation and soil surface properties, in response to the drought, rather than land–use change or rainfall regime intensification.
Torbern Tagesson, Jonas Ardö, Bernard Cappelaere, Laurent Kergoat, Abdulhakim Abdi, Stéphanie Horion, and Rasmus Fensholt
Biogeosciences, 14, 1333–1348, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1333-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1333-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Vegetation growth in semi-arid regions is an important sink for human-induced fossil fuel emissions of CO2 and this study addresses the strong need for improved understanding and spatially explicit estimates of CO2 uptake by semi-arid ecosystems. We show that a model incorporating photosynthetic parameters upscaled using satellite-based earth observation simulates CO2 uptake well for the Sahel, one of the largest semi-arid regions in the world.
Fleur Couvreux, Eric Bazile, Guylaine Canut, Yann Seity, Marie Lothon, Fabienne Lohou, Françoise Guichard, and Erik Nilsson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 8983–9002, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8983-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8983-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This study evaluates the ability of operational models to predict the boundary-layer turbulent processes and mesoscale variability observed during the Boundary Layer Late-Afternoon and Sunset Turbulence field campaign. The models succeed in reproducing the variability from one day to another in terms of cloud cover, temperature and boundary-layer depth. However, they exhibit some systematic biases. The high-resolution model reproduces the vertical structures better.
F. Hourdin, M. Gueye, B. Diallo, J.-L. Dufresne, J. Escribano, L. Menut, B. Marticoréna, G. Siour, and F. Guichard
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6775–6788, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6775-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6775-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
New parameterizations of the convective boundary layer are used to better represent the diurnal cycle of near-surface wind over Sahara and Sahel in a climate model and the associated emission of dust.
C. Delon, E. Mougin, D. Serça, M. Grippa, P. Hiernaux, M. Diawara, C. Galy-Lacaux, and L. Kergoat
Biogeosciences, 12, 3253–3272, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3253-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3253-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides seasonal and interannual variation of simulated biogenic NO emission fluxes in a Sahelian rangeland in Mali, a region where intense NO emissions occur during the wet season. Emissions are related to their biogeochemical origin, to the quantity of biomass, and to the quantity of livestock, which drive the N pool and N turnover in the soil, using a coupled vegetation–litter decomposition–emission model.
M. Lothon, F. Lohou, D. Pino, F. Couvreux, E. R. Pardyjak, J. Reuder, J. Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, P Durand, O. Hartogensis, D. Legain, P. Augustin, B. Gioli, D. H. Lenschow, I. Faloona, C. Yagüe, D. C. Alexander, W. M. Angevine, E Bargain, J. Barrié, E. Bazile, Y. Bezombes, E. Blay-Carreras, A. van de Boer, J. L. Boichard, A. Bourdon, A. Butet, B. Campistron, O. de Coster, J. Cuxart, A. Dabas, C. Darbieu, K. Deboudt, H. Delbarre, S. Derrien, P. Flament, M. Fourmentin, A. Garai, F. Gibert, A. Graf, J. Groebner, F. Guichard, M. A. Jiménez, M. Jonassen, A. van den Kroonenberg, V. Magliulo, S. Martin, D. Martinez, L. Mastrorillo, A. F. Moene, F. Molinos, E. Moulin, H. P. Pietersen, B. Piguet, E. Pique, C. Román-Cascón, C. Rufin-Soler, F. Saïd, M. Sastre-Marugán, Y. Seity, G. J. Steeneveld, P. Toscano, O. Traullé, D. Tzanos, S. Wacker, N. Wildmann, and A. Zaldei
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 10931–10960, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10931-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10931-2014, 2014
C. Delon, E. Mougin, D. Serça, M. Grippa, P. Hiernaux, M. Diawara, C. Galy-Lacaux, and L. Kergoat
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-11785-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-11785-2014, 2014
Revised manuscript not accepted
F. Lohou, L. Kergoat, F. Guichard, A. Boone, B. Cappelaere, J.-M. Cohard, J. Demarty, S. Galle, M. Grippa, C. Peugeot, D. Ramier, C. M. Taylor, and F. Timouk
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 3883–3898, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-3883-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-3883-2014, 2014
A. McNally, C. Funk, G. J. Husak, J. Michaelsen, B. Cappelaere, J. Demarty, T. Pellarin, T. P. Young, K. K. Caylor, C. Riginos, and K. E. Veblen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-7963-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-7963-2013, 2013
Revised manuscript not accepted
Cited articles
Biasutti, M.: Forced Sahel rainfall trends in the CMIP5 archive, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 1613–1623, 2013.
Boone, A., Getirana, A. C., Demarty, J., Cappelaere, B., Galle, S., Grippa, M., and Vischel, T.: The African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (AMMA) Land surface Model Intercomparison Project Phase 2 (ALMIP2), Gewex News, 19, 9–10, 2009.
Braud, I., Dantas-Antonino, A. C., Vauclin, M., Thony, J.-L., and Ruelle, P.: A simple soil-plant-atmosphere transfer model (SiSPAT) development and field verification, J. Hydrol, 166, 213–250, 1995.
Guichard F., Kergoat, L., Hourdin, F., Leauthaud, C., Barbier, J., Mougin, E., and Diarra, B.: Le réchauffement climatique observé depuis 1950 au Sahel. Chapter of Book Evolutions récentes et futures du climat en Afrique de l'Ouest: Evidences, incertitudes et perceptions, IRD Editions, edited by: Sultan, B. and Lalou, R., in print, 2015.
IPCC: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Stocker, T. F., Qin, D., Plattner, G.-K., Tignor, M., Allen, S. K., Boschung, J., Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V. and Midgley, P. M., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 2013.
Leauthaud, C., Cappelaere, B., Demarty, J., Guichard, F., Velluet, C., Kergoat, L., Vischel, T., Grippa, M., Bouzou Moussa, I., and Sultan, B.: A 60-year high resolution reconstructed meteorological and land-surface flux series in Central Sahel (1950–2009), in preparation, 2015.
Le Barbé, L., Lebel, T., and Tapsoba, D.: Rainfall variability in West Africa during the years 1950–1990, J. Climate, 15, 187–202, 2002.
Lebel, T. and Ali, A.: Recent trends in the Central and Western Sahel rainfall regime (1990–2007), J. Hydrol., 375, 52–64, 2009.
Lohou, F., Kergoat, L., Guichard, F., Boone, A., Cappelaere, B., Cohard, J.-M., Demarty, J., Galle, S., Grippa, M., Peugeot, C., Ramier, D., Taylor, C. M., and Timouk, F.: Surface response to rain events throughout the West African monsoon, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 3883–3898, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-3883-2014, 2014.
Lubès-Niel, H., Séguis, L., and Sabatier, R.: Etude de la stationnarité des caractéristiques des évènements pluvieux de la station de Niamey sur la période 1956–1998, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 333, 645–650, 2001.
Mougin, E., Loseen, D., Rambal, S., Gaston, A., and Hiernaux, P.: A regional sahelian grassland model to be coupled with multispectral satellite data .1. model description and validation, Remote Sens. Environ., 52, 181–193, 1995.
Nicholson, S. E.: The nature of rainfall fluctuations in subtropical West Africa, Mon. Weather Rev., 108, 473–487, 1980.
Panthou, G., Vischel, T., and Lebel, T.: Recent trends in the regime of extreme rainfall in the Central Sahel, Int. J. Climatol., 34, 3998–4006, 2014.
Pierre, C., Bergametti, G., Marticorena, B., Mougin, E., Bouet, C., and Schmechtig, C.: Impact of vegetation and soil moisture seasonal dynamics on dust emissions over the Sahel, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. (1984–2012), 117, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016950, 2012.
Roehrig, R., Bouniol, D., Guichard, F., Hourdin, F., and Redelsperger, J. L.: The present and future of the West African monsoon: a process-oriented assessment of CMIP5 simulations along the AMMA transect, J. Climate, 26, 6471–6505, 2013.
Sultan, B., Roudier, P., Quirion, P., Alhassane, A., Muller, B., Dingkuhn, M., Ciais, P., Guimberteau, M., Traore, S., and Baron, C.: Assessing climate change impacts on sorghum and millet yields in the Sudanian and Sahelian savannas of West Africa,. Environ. Res. Lett., 8, 014040, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/014040, 2013.
Taylor, C. M., Gounou, A., Guichard, F., Harris, P. P., Ellis, R. J., Couvreux, F., and De Kauwe, M.: Frequency of Sahelian storm initiation enhanced over mesoscale soil-moisture patterns, Nat. Geosci., 4, 430–433, 2011.
Velluet, C., Demarty, J., Cappelaere, B., Braud, I., Issoufou, H. B.-A., Boulain, N., Ramier, D., Mainassara, I., Charvet, G., Boucher, M., Chazarin, J.-P., O\"i, M., Yahou, H., Maidaji, B., Arpin-Pont, F., Benarrosh, N., Mahamane, A., Nazoumou, Y., Favreau, G., and Seghieri, J.: Building a field- and model-based climatology of local water and energy cycles in the cultivated Sahel – annual budgets and seasonality, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 5001–5024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-5001-2014, 2014.
Zeng, N., Neelin, J. D., Lau, K. M., and Tucker, C. J.: Enhancement of interdecadal climate variability in the Sahel by vegetation interaction, Science, 286, 1537–1540, 1999.